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This page contains references for AVERT's HIV and AIDS history pages up to 1997. The references on this page are divided into three groups 1981-1986, 1987-1992 and 1993-1997 .

If you want to see the references for HIV/AIDS history from 1998 onwards click here.

The history of AIDS 1981 - 1986

  1. Mann J. M (1989) 'AIDS: A worldwide pandemic', in Current topics in AIDS, volume 2, edited by Gottlieb M.S., Jeffries D.J., Mildvan D., Pinching, A.J., Quinn T.C., John Wiley & Sons
  2. Hymes, K.B., Greene, J. B., Marcus, A., et al. (1981) 'Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men: A report of eight cases', Lancet 2:598-600
  3. MMWR Weekly (1981) ' Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Homosexual Men- New York City and California', July 4,30 (4); 305-308
  4. Daniel McGinn, 'MSNBC: AIDS at 20: Anatomy of a Plague; an Oral History', Newsweek Web Exclusive
  5. MMWR Weekly (1981) 'Pneumocystis Pneumonia- Los Angeles', June 5, 30 (21); 1-3
  6. ' The AIDS epidemic in San Francisco: The medical response, 1981-1984', Volume I, an oral history conducted in 1992-1993, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1995
  7. Gottlieb M.S., Schroff R., Schanker H.M., et al. (1981) 'Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency', The New England Journal of Medicine 305:1425-31.
  8. Goedert J.J., Neuland C.Y., Wallen W.C., (1982) 'Amyl Nitrite may alter T lymphocytes in homosexual men',the Lancet 1:412-6
  9. Shearer G.M., Hurtenbach U. (1982) 'Is sperm immunosuppressive in homosexuals and vasectomized men?' Immunology Today 3 153-154
  10. Darrow, W.W (1991) 'AIDS: Socioepidemiologic responses to an epidemic', in 'AIDS and the social sciences, common threads', edited by Ulack, R. and Skinner, W.F., 1991,The University Press of Kentucky
  11. Altman, L.K, (1981) 'Rare cancer seen in 41 Homosexuals', the New York Times, July 3
  12. Masur H., Michelis M.A., Greene J.B., Onorato I., Stouwe R.A., Holzman R.S., Wormser G., Brettman L., Lange M., Murray H.W. and Cunnigham-Rundles S. (1981) 'An Outbreak of community acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction' (1981), The New England Journal Of Medicine, vol 305:1431-1438, December 10, Number 24,
  13. Dubois, R.M., Braitwaite, M.A., Mikhail, J.R. et al., (1981) 'Primary Pneumocystis Carinii and Cytomegalovirus Infections', the Lancet, ii, 1339
  14. MMWR Weekly (1982)'Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Persistent, Generalized Lymphadenopathy among Homosexual Males', May 21, 31(19); 249-51
  15. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Diffuse, Undifferentiated Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma among Homosexual Males- United States', June 4,31(21); 277-9
  16. Brennan, R.O. and Durack, D.T., (1981) 'Gay compromise syndrome', the Lancet, 2 1338-1339:
  17. Altman, L.K. (1982) 'New homosexual disorder worries officials', the New York Times, May 11
  18. The Washington Blade (1982) 'Gay cancer focus of hearing', April 16
  19. The Washington Blade (1982) 'Gay cancer focus of hearing', April 16
  20. MMWR weekly (1882) 'A Cluster of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among homosexual male residents of Los Angles and Orange counties, California', June 18/31 (23); 305-7
  21. CDC (1982) ' Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), and Other Opportunistic Infections (01): Cases Reported to CDC as of July 8'
  22. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's Sarcoma among Haitians in the United States', July 9,31 (26); 353-4,360-1
  23. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Epidemiologic notes and Reports Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among persons with hemophilia A', July 16, 31(27); 365-7,).
  24. Marx J.L. (1982) 'New disease baffles medical community', Science, August 13
  25. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Current Trends Update on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- United States', September 24, 31(37); 507-508, 513-514,
  26. Direction Generale De La Sante (1982) 'Syndrome d'immuno-depression acquise', Bull. Epid. Hebd., no. 50 (1982b)
  27. ' Connor S. and Kingman S. (1988) 'The search for the virus, the scientific discovery of AIDS and the quest for a cure', Penguin Books, p.14
  28. Herman R. (1982) 'A Disease's spread provokes anxiety', the New York Times, August 8
  29. About SFAF, www.sfaf.org/aboutsfaf About APLA, www.apla.org/apla/about/about.html, About GMHC, www.gmhc.org/aboutus/gmhc.html
  30. Berridge V., (1996), 'AIDS in the UK, the making of policy' 1981-1994, Oxford University Press
  31. For example: Bay Area physicians for human rights leaflet on Kaposi's Sarcoma, GMHC health recommendation brochure.
  32. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Possible Transfusion-Associated Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS- California', December 10, 31 (48); 652-4
  33. MMWR Weekly (1982) 'Unexplained Immunodeficiency and Opportunistic Infections in Infants- New York, New Jersey, California', December 17,31 (49); 665-667
  34. McGinn D. 'MSNBC: AIDS at 20: Anatomy of a Plague; an Oral History', Newsweek Web Exclusive,
  35. For example, Vilaseca , J. et al. (1982) 'Kaposi's sarcoma and Toxoplasma gondi brain abscess in a Spanish homosexual', the Lancet 1, 572, Rozenbaum, W., et al. (1982) 'Multiple opportunistic infection in a male homosexual in France', the Lancet 1,572-573 Francioli, P., et al. 'Syndrome de deficience immunitaire acquise, infections opportunists et homosexualite. Presentation de trios cas observes en Suisse', (1982) Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 112, 1682-1687
  36. Kamradt, T., Niese, D., Vogel F. (1982) 'Slim disease (AIDS)', the Lancet 1982;ii: 1425
  37. MMWR Weekly (1982)'Epidemiologic notes and reports immunodeficiency among female sexual partners of males with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- New York' (1982), January 7,31 (52); 697-8
  38. Marx J.L. (1983) 'Health officials seek ways to halt AIDS', Science, 21 January
  39. Mail on Sunday (1983) May 1
  40. Vass. A. (1986) 'AIDS: A Plague in Us', Venus Academica, p.25
  41. For Example Daily Telegraph (1983) "Gay Plague" May Lead to Blood Ban on Homosexuals', May 2, and Daily Mirror (1983) 'Alert over "Gay Plague"', May 2
  42. Barre-Sinoussi F. , Chermann J-C., Rey F., Nugeyre M.T., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Dauguet C., Axler-Blin C., Brun-Vezinet F., Rouzioux C., Rozenbaum W., and Montagnier L. (1983), 'Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)', Science, May 20
  43. Office of Technology Assessment (1985) 'Review of the Public Health Service's Response to AIDS', U.S. Congress, Washington DC., February, p.28
  44. Connor S. and Kingman S. (1988), 'The search for the virus, the scientific discovery of AIDS and the quest for a cure' Penguin Books, p.35
  45. Oleske J., et al. (1983), 'Immune Deficiency Syndrome in children', Journal of American Medicine Association, 249 (17), 2345-2349
  46. New York Times (1983)'San Francisco Seeks to Combat Fear of AIDS', May 22
  47. Enlow, R.(1984), 'Special session', in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Volume 437, edited by Selikoff I.J, Teirstein A.S. and Hirschman S.Z., The New York Academy of Sciences, p.291
  48. Altman L.K. (1983) 'Concern over AIDS grows internationally', the New York Times, May 24
  49. MMWR Weekly (1983) 'Current Trends Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Update - United States', June 24, 32 (24); 309-11
  50. Weller I., Crawford D.H., Iliescu V., MacLennan K., Sutherland S., Tedder R.S., and Adler M.W. (1984) 'Homosexual men in London: Lymphadenopathy, immune status, and Epstein-Barr virus infection ', Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Volume 437, edited by Selikoff I.J, Teirstein A.S. and Hirschman S.Z., The New York Academy of Sciences, p.248-249
  51. Gunson H H, (1986) 'The blood transfusion service in the UK', in Proceedings of the AIDS Conference 1986, edited by Jones P., Intercept, p.91-100
  52. MMWR Weekly (1983) 'International Notes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Europe', November 25, 32 (46); 610-1
  53. WHO (1983)'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Emergencies', Report of a WHO Meeting, Geneva, 22-25, November
  54. Van de Perre, P, Rouvroy D., Lepage, P et. al. (1984) 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Rwanda', the Lancet 2:62-5
  55. Piot P, Quinn T.C., Taelman H. et al. (1984), 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a heterosexual population in Zaire', the Lancet 2:65-69
  56. Mann J., Kapita B., Colebunders R. et al. (1986), 'Natural history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Zaire', the Lancet, 2, 707-709
  57. AIDS Activity Center For Infectious Diseases Centers For Disease Control (1983) 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) weekly surveillance report- United States', December 22
  58. Darrow, W.W (1991) 'AIDS: socioepidemiologic responses to an epidemic', in 'AIDS and the social sciences, common threads', edited by Ulack, R. and Skinner, W.F., 1991,The University Press of Kentucky
  59. Auerbach D.M., Darrow, W.W., Jaffe, H.W, and J.W Curran (1984)'Cluster of cases of the acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-patients linked by sexual contact' ,American Journal of Medicine, 76, 487-492
  60. McGinn D. 'MSNBC: AIDS at 20: Anatomy of a Plague; an Oral History', Newsweek Web Exclusive,
  61. The Associated Press (1984), 'U.S. Medical study singles out a man who carried AIDS', the New York Times, March 27
  62. Altman L.K. (1984) 'Federal official says he believes cause of AIDS has Been found', the New York Times, April 22
  63. Heckler, M. M. Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human services, Washington DC, Statement regarding AIDS, April 23, 1984
  64. Office of Technology Assessment (1985) 'Review of the Public Health Service's Response to AIDS', U.S. Congress, Washington DC., February, p.29
  65. Culliton B.J. (1984), 'Crash development of AIDS test nears goal', Science, September 14
  66. Altman L.K. (1984), 'New U.S. report names virus that may cause AIDS', the New York Times, April 24
  67. Marx J.L. (1984), 'Strong new candidate for AIDS agent', Science, May 4
  68. Culliton B.J. (1984), 'Five firms with the right stuff', Science, September 14
  69. Office of Technology Assessment (1985) 'Review of the Public Health Service's Response to AIDS', U.S. Congress, Washington DC., February, p.29
  70. 'The AIDS Epidemic in San Francisco: the medical response, 1981-1984', Volume I, an oral history conducted in 1992-1993, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1995
  71. AIDS Activity, Center For Infectious Diseases, Centers For Disease Control (1984)'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Weekly Surveillance Report- United States', December 31
  72. MMWR Weekly (1985) 'International Notes Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Europe', 34(11);147-150 March 22,
  73. Department of Health & Social Security (1985) 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, general information for doctors', May
  74. Marx J.L. (1985), 'A virus by any other name…', Science, March 22
  75. 'Pear R. (1985), 'AIDS blood test to be available in 2 to 6 weeks', the New York Times, March 3
  76. Krieger N. and Appleman R (1986), 'The politics of AIDS', Frontline Pamphlets, the Institute for Social and Economic Studies, p.25
  77. Gunson H. H. (1986) 'The blood transfusion service in the UK', in Proceedings of the AIDS Conference 1986, edited by Jones P., Intercept, p.91-100
  78. Eckholm E. (1985) 'City, in shift, to make blood test for AIDS virus more widely available', the New York Times, December 23
  79. National Institute on Drug Abuse (1988) 'Needle sharing among intravenous drug abusers: national and international perspectives', Research Monograph Series 80
  80. Patton C. (1985) 'Sex and germs, the politics of AIDS', South End Press, Boston, p.37
  81. Altman L.K. (1985) 'The Doctor's world: AIDS data pour in as studies proliferate', the New York Times, April 23
  82. Mann , J. M (1989) 'AIDS: A worldwide pandemic', in Current topics in AIDS, Volume 2, edited by Gottlieb M.S., Jeffries D.F., Mildvan D., Pinching A.J., Quinn T.C., R.A. John Wiley & Sons
  83. Boffey P.M. (1985) 'U.S. counters public fears AIDS', the New York Times, September 20
  84. Wellings K. (1988) 'Perceptions of risk, media treatment of AIDS, in 'Social Aspects of AIDS' edited by Aggleton P. and Homans H. (1988), Falmer Press, p.87
  85. Brunt M. (1985) 'Ban on deadly kiss of life', Sunday Mirror, February 17
  86. Sunday People (1985) 'Scandal of AIDS cover-up on QE2', February 17
  87. Pinching A. (1990) 'Children with HIV infection: Dealing with the problem' in 'AIDS: A challenge in education', edited by D.R., Morgan, (1990), Institute of Biology
  88. Berger J. (1985) 'Communion-Cup fear addressed' , the New York Times, September 13
  89. Levine J. (1986) 'AIDS: prejudice and progress', Time Magazine, September 8,
  90. Time Magazine (1990) 'American notes voices, the 'miracle' of Ryan White', April 23
  91. Reagan R. (1985)'The President's News Conference', September 17, www.reagan.utexas.resource/speeches/1985/91785c.htm
  92. Arno P.S. and Feiden K.L. (1992) 'Against the odds: the story of AIDS development, politics and profits', HarperCollins Publishers and Palazzolo J. and Baker R. (1988) 'Antivirals for HIV infection', Bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS (BETA), No.2, November
  93. Berger J. (1985), 'Rock Hudson, screen idol, dies at 59', the New York Times, October 3
  94. Gunson H. (1986) 'The blood transfusion service n the UK', in 'Proceedings of the AIDS conference 1986, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK', Edited by Jones P.
  95. WHO (1985)' WHO workshop on AIDS in Central Africa, Bangui, Central African Republic, 22-24th Oct. 1985', WHO/CDS/AIDS/85 No. 1
  96. Connor S. and Kingman S. (1988), 'The search for the virus, the scientific discovery of AIDS and the quest for a cure', Penguin Books, p.47
  97. Ziegler J.B., Cooper D.A., Johnson R.O., et al. (1985) 'Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant', the Lancet 1:896-898
  98. Time Magazine (1986) 'World Notes China', December 29
  99. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1986) 'AIDS newsletter' Issue 1 January 30th
  100. International Notes Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Europe' (1985), MMWR December 30th
  101. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1986) 'AIDS newsletter' Issue 1 January 30
  102. Monitoring research group (1998) 'Injecting equipment exchange schemes: final report', November
  103. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1986) 'AIDS newsletter' Issue 4, March 25
  104. ' Willis C. (1986) 'A different kind of AIDS fight', Time Magazine, May 12
  105. Coffin J., Haase A., Levy J.A., Montagnier L., Oroszlan S., Teich N., Temin H., Toyoshima K., Varmus H., Vogt P., Weiss R.A., (1986) 'What to call the AIDS virus?', (Letter), Nature, 321:10
  106. Krieger N. and Appleman R. (1986), 'The politics of AIDS', Frontline Pamphlets, the Institute for Social and Economic Studies
  107. Pear R. (1986) 'U.S. files first AIDS discrimination charge', the New York Times, August 9
  108. Fischl M. A., Richman D. D., Grieco M. H., Gottlieb M. S., Volberding P. A., Laskin O. L., Leedom J. M., Groopman J. E., Mildvan D., Schooley R. T., et al. (1987)''The Efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial', The New England Journal Of Medicine, Vol. 317: 185-191, Number 4
  109. Levine J. (1986) 'A ray of hope in the fight against AIDS', Time Magazine, September 29
  110. Boffey P.M (1986) 'Surgeon general urges frank talk to young on AIDS', the New York Times, October, 23,
  111. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1986) 'AIDS newsletter' Issue Volume 2 Issue 1 January 15

The history of AIDS 1987 - 1992

  1. Garfield S. (1994) ' The end of innocence', Faber and Faber Limited, p.121
  2. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1987) 'AIDS Newsletter', Volume 2 Issue 2, February 6
  3. Department of Health and Social Security (1987) 'Don't die of ignorance', leaflet
  4. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1987), 'AIDS Newsletter', Volume 2 Issue 1 January 15
  5. Watney S. (1988) 'Visual AIDS - Advertising ignorance' in Social aspects of AIDS edited by Aggleton P. and Homans H. The Falmer Press, p.179
  6. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1988), 'AIDS prevention and control, invited presentations and papers from the World Summit of ministers of health on programmes for AIDS prevention', January 26-28, London, p.41
  7. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1987), 'AIDS diagnosis and control: Current situation', Report on a WHO meeting, Munich, March 16-18, p.2
  8. Headley D. (1996) 'HIV & AIDS in Russia', Charities AID Foundation, p.10
  9. Jones C. (2001) 'The making of an activist: Stitching a revolution', HarperSanFrancisco, p. xiv
  10. Bishop K. (1987) 'Denying AIDS its sting: a quilt of life', the New York Times, October 5
  11. 'Approval of AZT', News release, March 20, 1987, Public Health Service, http://fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/NEW00217.html
  12. 'Flyer of the first ACT UP action March 24, 1987, Wall Street, New York City', http://www.actupny.org/documents/1stFlyer.html
  13. Crimp D. and Rolston A. (1990) 'AIDS demographics', Bay Press, Seattle, p.14
  14. National Gallery of Australia (1994) 'Don't leave me this way, art in the age of AIDS', compiled by Gott T., Thames & Hudson p.187-196
  15. Crimp D. and Rolston A. (1990) 'AIDS demographics', Bay Press, Seattle, p.16
  16. 'Off the Wall: AIDS and Public Art' www.artistswithaids.org/artery/centrepieces/centrepieces_offwall.html accessed 28/5/02
  17. Altman D. (1992) ' The most political of diseases' in 'AIDS in Australia' edited by Timewell E. Minichiello V. and Plummer D., Prentice Hall
  18. Financial Review, April 6, 1987 in 'Moral threats and dangerous desires: AIDS in the news media' (1994) by Lupton D., Taylor & Francis, p.56
  19. Palca J. (1987)'Settlement on AIDS finally reached between US and Pasteur', Nature (Lond.) 326: 533
  20. Newsweek (1987)'The AIDS debate: call it a draw', April 13
  21. Crewdson J. (2002) 'Science fictions, a scientific mystery, a massive cover-up, and the dark legacy of Robert Gallo', Little, Brown and Company, p.301
  22. Hooper C. (1987), 'Critics unimpressed with Reagan's AIDS gambit', United Press International, April 6
  23. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1987),'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 6, April 10
  24. Mann J.M (1989) 'AIDS: A worldwide pandemic', in Current topics in AIDS, Volume 2, edited by Gottlieb M.S, Jeffries D.J., Mildvan D., Pinching A.J., Quinn T.C. and Weiss R.A., John Wiley & Sons
  25. Connor S. and Kingman S. (1988), 'The search for the virus, the scientific discovery of AIDS and the quest for a cure', Penguin Books, p.209
  26. Cimons M. and Nelson H. (1987) 'Bush is booed as he defends AIDS proposals', Los Angeles Times, June 2
  27. Wachter R.M. (1991) 'The Fragile coalition', St. Martin's Press, New York, p.20
  28. Jambs J.S. (1991), 'HIV travel/immigration ban: background, documentation' in www.aids.org
  29. Senate Record Vote Analysis (1987) 'Supplemental appropriations/AIDS testing for immigrants', 100th Congress, 1st session, June 2,Vote No. 142 in www.senate.gov
  30. Wachter R.M. (1991) 'The Fragile coalition', St. Martin's Press, New York, p.29
  31. World Health Organisation (1987) 'Summary statement on breast-feeding, breast milk and HIV', July
  32. MMWR Weekly (1987) 'Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome- United States', August 14, 36 (31); 522-6,
  33. Kinsella J, (1989) 'Covering the plague: AIDS and the American media' p201
  34. Monitoring Research Group (1988) 'Injecting Equipment Exchange Schemes, Final Report', University of London, Goldsmiths' College, November, Chapter 12 p.1
  35. Shilts R. (1987) 'And the band played on', Penguin Books
  36. Kinsella J (1989) 'Covering the plague: AIDS and the American media' p.159
  37. W. A. Henry III (1987) 'The appalling saga of patient zero', the Time Magazine, October 19
  38. 'The AIDS Epidemic in San Francisco: the medical response, 1981-1984', Volume II, an oral history conducted 1992, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1996
  39. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1987), 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 16, October
  40. TASO, the AIDS Support organisation www.taso.co.ug
  41. Mann J.M (1989) 'AIDS: A worldwide pandemic', in Current topics in AIDS, Volume 2, edited by Gottlieb M.S, Jeffries D.J., Mildvan D., Pinching A.J., Quinn T.C. and Weiss R.A., John Wiley & Sons
  42. Duesberg P.H. (1987) 'Retroviruses and carcinogens and pathogens: expectations and reality', Cancer Research, Vol. 47, pp. 1199-1220, March 1 in Duesberg P.H (1995) 'Infectious AIDS: have we been misled?', North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California
  43. Berridge V. (1996) 'AIDS in the UK; the making of policy 1981/1994', Oxford University Press
  44. WHO (1987) 'Global Statistics' in Weekly epidemiological record 62(49), 372
  45. Mann J.M. and Kay K. (1991) ' Confronting the pandemic: the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS, 1986-1989', AIDS 1991 a year review, Current science, p. S221-S229
  46. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1988) 'AIDS Prevention and control, invited presentations and papers from the World Summit of ministers of health on programmes for AIDS prevention', January 26-28, London, p.119
  47. Berridge V. (1996)'AIDS in the UK, the making of policy, 1981-1994' Oxford University Press, p.163
  48. Kinsella J (1989) 'Covering the plague: AIDS and the American media' p.269
  49. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (1988)'Understanding AIDS, a message from the Surgeon General', HHS Publication No. (CDC) HHS-88-88404
  50. Rosenberg M.L., Tolsma D.D., Kolbe L.J., Kroger F., Cynamon M.L. and Bowen G.S (1992) 'The role of behavioural sciences and health education in HIV prevention: experience at the U.S Center for Disease Control', in 'AIDS, prevention through education: a world view', edited by Sepulveda J., Fineberg H. and Mann J, Oxford University Press
  51. Wilkerson I. (1988) 'A.M.A. urges breach of privacy to warn potential AIDS victims', the New York Times, July 1
  52. Arno P.S. and Feiden K.L (1992), 'Against the odds, the story of AIDS drug development, politics & profits', HarperCollinsPublishers, p.108
  53. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1988) 'Making drugs available for life-threatening diseases', October 19 http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/NEW00151.html
  54. American Civil Liberties Union 'Fact sheet on needle exchange programs' www.aclu.org/issues/drugpolicy/syringe_exchange_facts
  55. Stimson G.V., Donoghoe M.C., Lart R. and Dolan K. (1990) 'Distributing sterile needles and syringes to people who inject drugs: the syringe-exchange experience' in 'AIDS and drug misuse', edited by Strang J. and Stimson G., Routledge, p.228
  56. Drug Reform Coordination Network (1995) 'The facts about needle exchange', The Activist Guide, http://www.drcnet.org/guide6-95/exchange.html
  57. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (1995) 'Preventing HIV transmission. The role of sterile needles and bleach'. National Academy Press, p.3
  58. WHO Global Programme on AIDS (1990) 'World AIDS Day action kit'
  59. Leary W.E. (1989), 'F.D.A. allows wider use of drug to prevent pneumonia in AIDS patients', the New York Times, February 7
  60. Arno P.S. and Feiden K.L (1992), 'Against the odds, the story of AIDS drug development, politics & profits', HarperCollinsPublishers, p.116
  61. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1989) 'HIV seropositivity and AIDS prevention and control', Report on a WHO meeting, March 14-17, 1989, p.5
  62. Olszewski L. (1989) 'S.F. Protest planned over INS detaining of Dutch man with AIDS', San Francisco Chronicle, April 6
  63. Gouldreau R. (1989) 'Demonstrators storm the stage at AIDS conference', Miami Herald, June 5
  64. Arno P.S. and Feiden K.L (1992) 'Against the odds, the story of AIDS drug development, politics & profits', HarperCollinsPublishers, p.132
  65. Kolata G. (1989) 'Strong evidence that AZT holds off AIDS', the New York Times, August 4
  66. Hilts P J. (1989) 'AIDS treatment costs put at $5 billion a year', the New York Times, September 15
  67. Gorman C. Thomson/Washington D. and Cheryl P. (1989) 'How much for a reprieve from AIDS?', The Time Magazine, October 2
  68. Freudenheim M. (1989) 'Sick get experimental drugs free', the New York Times, October 21
  69. Purvis A. (1990) 'Rumania's other tragedy', The Time Magazine, February 19
  70. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1990) 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 3, February 19
  71. The Guardian(1990) March 5, p.10
  72. Lane S. D. (1993) 'A brief history' in 'Dimensions of HIV prevention: Needle exchange', edited by Stryker J. and Smith M.D., the Kaiser Forums, p.6
  73. Wachter R.M. (1991) 'The fragile coalition', St. Martin's Press, New York, p.183
  74. Los Angeles Times (1990) 'A Regrettable Resignation', March 20
  75. Marlink R.G. (1998) 'Remembrance of Jonathan Mann' in www.iapac.org accessed 22/5/02
  76. Sawyer E. (1998) 'Tribute: Mann of the hour' in www.poz.com accessed 22/5/02
  77. White R. and Cunningham M. (1992) 'Ryan White: my own story', Signet
  78. 'Bill Summary and Status for the 101st Congress, Public Law 101-381, 08/18/90', US Congress Document http://thomas.loc.gov
  79. Berridge V. (1996) 'AIDS in the UK; the making of policy 1981/1994', Oxford University Press
  80. Fumento M. (1990) 'The myth of heterosexual AIDS: how a tragedy has been distorted by the media and partisan politics', Basic Books Inc., Publishers, New York
  81. All-Party parliamentary Group on AIDS (1990) 'HIV/AIDS: Is the heterosexual population at risk?' in Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1990) 'AIDS Newsletter', Vol.5 (15), 794, October 29
  82. New Stateman & Society (1990) 'Science and nonsense', June 29 and Weiss R.A. and Jaffe H.W. Jaffe (1990) 'Duesberg, HIV and AIDS', Nature 345 659-660, June 21
  83. AIDS matters (1990) 'And no Dues to Duesberg', August, No.2 and Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter', Vol.5 Issue 9 p2-3
  84. Wachter R.M. (1991) 'The fragile Coalition', St. Martin's Press, New York, p.197
  85. Wachter R.M. (1991) 'The fragile coalition', St. Martin's Press, New York, p.199
  86. ACT UP Demonstration leaflet
  87. 'AIDS Conference Bulletin' (1990) Sixth International Conference on AIDS, June 23
  88. MMWR Weekly (1990) 'Possible transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to a patient during an invasive dental procedure', July 27 39 (29): 489-493
  89. Altman L.K (1990) '2 new AIDS infections deepen Florida mystery', the New York Times, September 22
  90. Newsweek (2001) 'Anatomy of a plague: an oral history, part two', Newsweek web exclusive
  91. Berridge V. (1996)'AIDS in the UK, the making of policy, 1981-1994' Oxford University Press, p.235
  92. Chin, J. (1990) 'Global estimates of AIDS and HIV infections: 1990, in AIDS 1990, a year in review', Current Science Ltd. p. S277-S283
  93. MMWR Weekly (1991) 'Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Update: Transmission of HIV Infection during an Invasive Dental Procedure-Florida', January, 40 (2): 21-27, 33
  94. Altman L.K. (1991) ' AIDS-infected doctors and dentists are urged to warn patients or quit', the New York Times, January 18
  95. MMWR Weekly (1991) 'Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B virus to Patients during Exposure-Prone Invasive Procedures', July 12, 40(RR08): 1-9
  96. Rosenthal E. (1991) 'Angry doctors condemn plans to test them for AIDS', the New York Times, August 20
  97. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter', Vol. 8 Issue 6 p.3, April,
  98. Gladwell M. (1991) 'AIDS patient urges house panel to require testing', the Washington Post, September 27
  99. Altman L.K. (1991) 'U.S. backs off on plan to restrict health workers with AIDS virus', the New York Times, December 4
  100. Lambert B. (1991) 'Kimberly Bergalis is dead at 23; symbol of debate over AIDS tests', the New York Times, December 9
  101. Food and Drug administration (FDA)(1991)'ddC Receives Treatment IND Status', June 13
  102. Van De Perre P., Simonon A., Msellati P. Hitimana D.G., et al (1991), 'Postnatal transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 from mother to infant. A prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda', The New England Journal of Medicine, 325:593-598 Number 9, August 9
  103. Hilts P. J. (1991) 'Study shows passing AIDS in breast milk is easier than though', the New York Times, August 29
  104. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1991) 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue, 14, 23 September
  105. Stevenson R.W. (1991) 'Magic Johnson ends his career, saying he has AIDS infection', the New York Times, November 8
  106. The Guardian (1991) 'Fans mourn Freddie Mercury', November 26
  107. Nundy J. (1991) 'Cambridge don charged in AIDS contamination case', the Independent, November 11
  108. Nundy J. (1991) 'Blood and money', the Independent Magazine, November 23
  109. National Gallery of Australia (1994) 'Don't leave me this way, art in the age of AIDS', compiled by Gott T., Thames & Hudson p.68-69
  110. Chin J. (1991) 'Global estimated of HIV infections and AIDS cases: 1991', in AIDS 1991, a Year Review, Current Science, p. S57-S61.
  111. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1992) 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 2, February 7
  112. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1992) 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 5, April 6
  113. For example Hodgkinson N. (1992) 'Poppers and propaganda', the Sunday Times, May 1, Hodgkinson N. (1992) 'Experts mount startling challenge to AIDS orthodoxy', the Sunday Times, April 26, Hodgkinson N. (1992) 'Silent virus challenges thinking on AIDS', the Sunday Times, July 26
  114. Hodgkinson N. (1992) 'AIDS: can we be positive?', the Sunday Times, April 26
  115. For example: Baxter A.D. (1992) 'Keep the AIDS/HIV debate open but keep it sensible', Independent on Sunday, May 17, Delamothe T. (1992) 'Duesberg right or wrong', (1992) BMJ 304, June 19
  116. Connor S. (1992) 'The spreading of a terrible myth', Independent, May 14
  117. Rhoden W.C. (1992), 'An emotional Ashe says that he has AIDS', the New York Times, April 9
  118. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1992), 'AIDS Drug Zacitabine (ddC)', Press release, P-92-19, June 22
  119. Navarro M. (1992) 'AIDS definition is widened to include blood cell count', the New York Times, August 9
  120. MMWR Weekly (1992)'1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS among Adolescents and Adults', Recommendations and Reports, December 18, 41 (RR-17)
  121. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1992) 'AIDS Newsletter', Issue 12, August
  122. Wavell S. (1992) ' Patients pillory doctor in HIV blood scandal', the Sunday Times, June 13
  123. Bell A. (1992) 'French AIDS blood scandal spreads', The Guardian, July 25
  124. Bell A. and Webster P. (1992), 'Blood stains French image of justice', the Guardian, October 24

The history of AIDS 1993 - 1997

  1. Associated press (1993)'New H.I.V. strains resist AIDS drug', the New York Times, January 1
  2. Wooding D. and Scawen S. (1993) 'Turbulent life of ballet king', the Sun, January 7
  3. Dromgoole N. (1993) 'A passion to perform', the Sunday Telegraph, January 10
  4. Canesi M. (1993) ' The last days of Rudolf Nureyev', the Independent, January 20
  5. Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) (1993) 'Monthly AIDS figures' News Release, February 22
  6. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.8 (3) February 22
  7. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.8 (4) March 17
  8. Zheng, Xiwen, et al. (1994) 'Injecting drug use and HIV infection in South West China', AIDS,8:1141-1147
  9. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.8 (6) May 7
  10. Witteman P.A.(1993) 'A man of fire and grace, Arthur Ashe, 1943-1993', Time Magazine, February 15
  11. Cooper K.J. (1993) 'House backs HIV immigration ban nonbinding resolution at odds with Clinton's campaign pledge', The Washington Post, March 12
  12. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.8 (7/8) May 31
  13. Chapman S. and Lupton D. (1994) 'The fight for public health: principles & practise of media advocacy', BMJ Publishing Group, p.82-86
  14. Berridge V. (1996) 'AIDS in the UK: the making of policy, 1981-1994', Oxford University Press, p257
  15. Kolata G, (1993) 'Suspected early hiding place of AIDS virus is confirmed', the New York Times, March 31
  16. Kolata G. (1993)'Suspected early hiding place of AIDS virus is confirmed', the New York Times, March 31
  17. WHO (1995) 'Global Programme on AIDS, progress report 1992-1993', p. 20
  18. WHO (1993) ' Support to HIV surveillance in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Newly Independent States, and the Russian Federation', WHO Regional Office for Europe
  19. Aboulker J-P. and Swart A. (1993) 'Preliminary analysis of the Concorde trial', the Lancet, Vol. 341 (8849), April 3, p.889-890
  20. British Medical Journal (1993) 'Doubt cast on Zidovudine's use in delaying AIDS', the BMJ, vol. 306, April 10
  21. Spencer R. (1993) 'I have HIV, says Kenny Everett', the Daily Telegraph, April 5
  22. Times (1993) 'Pop star with HIV tells of his fears', April 9
  23. AIDS Analysis Africa (1993) ' The World Bank takes stock: taking stock of the World Bank', Vol.3 No. 2 March/April
  24. Altman L.K. (1993) 'Conference ends with little hope for AIDS cure', the New York Times, June 15
  25. European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS (1993) 'AIDS surveillance in Europe; Quarterly report', N.37, March 31
  26. WHO (1995) 'Global Programme on AIDS, progress report 1992-1993', p. viii
  27. Moodie, Rob et al. (1993) 'Confronting the HIV epidemic in Asia and the Pacific: successful strategies to minimise the spread of HIV', AIDS, 7:1543-1551
  28. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1993) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.8 (14), October
  29. Dressler S (1999) 'Blood 'scandal' and AIDS in Germany' in Feldman E.A and Bayer R. (editors), 'Blood feuds: AIDS, Blood, and the politics of medical disaster', Oxford University Press, p.204-205
  30. Thorson L. (1993), 'Germans near panic over transfusions: fears build that blood was tainted with HIV', the San Francisco Chronicle, November
  31. AIDS and Benetton 1993, in http://www.benetton.com/wws/aboutyou/ucdo/AIDS/file1742.html, accessed 26/9/02 and the Independent (1993) ' Paris puts on a show to mark World AIDS Day', December 12
  32. WHO (1995) 'Global Programme on AIDS, progress report 1992-1993', p.2
  33. Stine G.J. (1996) 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: biological, medical, social and legal issues', Prentice Hall, 2nd edition p.236
  34. Fletche D. (1994) 'AIDS ads shelved to spare blushes' ,the Daily Telegraph, January 29
  35. Torode J. (1994) 'No sex please, unless we say how ', the Independent, June 29
  36. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (3), March 4
  37. Smith J.Y. Smith (1994) 'Writer Randy Shilts dies chronicled rise of AIDS', the Washington Post, February 18
  38. Masters K. (1994) 'Social conscience at the Oscars, Holocaust, AIDS films win', the Washington Post, March 22
  39. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (4), March 25
  40. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (5-6), May 1
  41. MacCarthaigh S. (1994) 'Hard-hit France raises Aids alarm in star TV special' ,the Times, April 8
  42. Clift S. and Thomas L. 'Europe against AIDS, Summer Campaign 1995, School Resource Pack', UK National Coordination Centre for Health Education and Research, Canterbury Christ Church College, Canterbury
  43. Newell M.L et al. (1994), Lancet, 343(June 11), 1464-1467 and in Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (8)
  44. WHO (1994) The current global situation of the HIV/AIDS pandemic' press release, July 1
  45. WHO (1994) 'Global Programme on AIDS; the HIV/AIDS pandemic 1994 overview'
  46. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (11), August
  47. Lancet (1994) ;344:1693-94
  48. Connor E.D. et al. (1994) 'Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment' ,The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 331:1173-1180, November 3, No. 18
  49. Pizzo P. A. and Wilfert C. M. (1995) 'Perspectives on paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections' Paediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14:536 in White E. (1999) 'Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS; The research, the politics, the women's responses' p.43
  50. Altman L.K (1994) 'In major finding, drug curbs HIV infection in newborns', the New York Times, February 21
  51. WHO (1994) 'Tenth conference draws thousands to Yokohama', Global AIDS news, No. 4
  52. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1994) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.9 (14), October
  53. Associated press (1994) 'Pedro Zamora, 22; taught public about AIDS on TV's 'Real World' , the Boston Globe, November 12
  54. Fletcher M. (1994) 'Clinton sacks his health chief in school sex furore: Dr Joycelyn Elder', the Times, December 10, p.14
  55. WHO (1995) ;Global Programme on AIDS: The current Global Situation of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic', Geneva, January
  56. L.K.Altman (1995) 'AIDS Is Now The Leading Killer of Americans From 25 to 44', the New York Times, January 31
  57. Brown D. (1995) 'AIDS virus shown by research to be relentless in reproducing', the Washington Post, January 12
  58. Ho DD et al. Nature 1995; 373 (6510):123-6 Wei X et al. Nature 1995; 373 (6510):117-22 in NAM (2002) AIDS Treatment Update, Issue 119 November
  59. Schwartz J. (1995) 'Reports back needle exchange programs administration has not acted on recommendations to lift funding ban', the Washington Post, February 16
  60. Normand J., Vlahov D. and Moses L.E. (editors) (1995) 'Preventing HIV transmission: the role of sterile needles and bleach', National Academy Press, Washington p.7
  61. Associated Press (1995) 'South Africa has AIDS Conference', March 6
  62. Pope H. (1995) 'AIDS set to engulf South Africa' ,the Independent, March 8
  63. Pope H. (1995) 'AIDS set to engulf South Africa, ,the Independent, March 8
  64. UNAIDS (1995) 'Executive Director of new joint nations programme on AIDS is committed to involving people with HIV/AIDS in decision-making; Dr. Peter Piot speaks to more than 700 People with HIV/AIDS at Cape Town conference', Press Release, March 6
  65. Dewar H. (1995) 'Senate votes to continue AIDS program Helms fails in bid to freeze funding', the Washington Post, July 28
  66. Andriote J-M. (1999) 'Victory deferred: how AIDS changed gay life in America?', the University Of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p. 256
  67. WHO (1995) 'Women and AIDS; women face avoidable risk of AIDS', Press Release, August 23
  68. Reuters (1995) 'Treating STDs and reducing AIDS high risk doctors in study find higher HIV exposure in untreated villagers', the Washington Post, August 25
  69. Priority press (1995) 'Update on combination antiretroviral therapy: results of the Delta study', The Fifth European Conference on clinical aspects and treatment of HIV Infection, Copenhagen Denmark, September 26-29, 1995 www.mednet.ca/html/ppaids07.htm accessed 11/11/02
  70. 'Message from Nelson Mandela on the on the Occasion of World AIDS Day', (1995) www.anc.org.za accessed 31/10/02
  71. Schwartz J. (1995) 'FDA approves first in new family of AIDS drugs, saquinavir is most hopeful news in years for victims, Shalala says', the Washington Post, December 8
  72. WHO (1996) 'Weekly epidemiological record', 70(50), 353-355
  73. Mann J. and Tarantola D. (1996) 'AIDS in the world II', Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, p.17
  74. Mann J. and Tarantola D. (1996) 'AIDS in the world II', Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, p.18
  75. WHO (1995) 'Global AIDS NEWS', No. 3/4
  76. WHO (1995) 'Opening address given by Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General, World Health Organization to the Sixth International Conferences on AIDS and STDs in Africa', Press release, WHO/91, December 12
  77. Garbus L. (1996) 'The UN response' in Mann J. and Tarantola D. (editors) 'AIDS in the world II', Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, p.370
  78. Duncan J. (1996) 'The game of his life', the Guardian, February 17
  79. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1996) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.11 (3), February
  80. Altman (1996) 'Panel offers sharp criticism of AIDS research projects', the New York Times, March 14
  81. Andriote J-M. (1999) 'Victory deferred; how AIDS changed gay life in America?', the University of Chicago press, Chicago and London, p. 335
  82. Gelb L. (1996)'FDA approves first HIV home test system', FDA news release, May 14
  83. Mufson S. (1996) 'Spread of AIDS alarms Chinese has been slow to confront problem', the Washington Post, May 1
  84. Associated Press (1996) 'FDA clears use of new drugs for AIDS, ALS' ,the Washington Post, June 25
  85. FDA (1996) '1996 biological device application approvals', in www.fda.gov/cber/appr1996/1996dev.htm
  86. Cooper D.A. and Merigan T.C.(1996) 'Clinical treatment', AIDS,1996, 10 (suppl A): S133-S134
  87. Andriote J-M. (1999) 'Victory deferred; how AIDS changed gay Life in America?', the University of Chicago press, Chicago and London, p. 337
  88. Andriote J-M. (1999) 'Victory deferred; how AIDS changed gay life in America?' , the University of Chicago press, Chicago and London, p. 374
  89. Maugh II T.H (1996) 'Studies of combined HIV drugs promising; Health: experts at AIDS conference unveil early results showing treatment involving certain medications reduces virus to undetectable levels', the Los Angeles Times, July 12
  90. National AIDS Manual (1996) 'Eradicating HIV?' by Alcorn K. in AIDS treatment update, Issue 44, August
  91. Brown D. (1996) 'With fanfare, Global AIDS Conference gets underway in Vancouver', the Washington Post, July 8
  92. New York Times (1996) 'Elation, and deflation, over AIDS', July 13
  93. Altman L.K. (1996) 'India suddenly leads in HIV, AIDS meeting is told', the New York Times, July 8
  94. Morse R. (1996) 'AIDS quilt final fold' ,the San Francisco Chronicle, October 11
  95. Jones C. and Dawson J. (2000) 'Stitching a revolution: the making of an activist', HarperSanFrancisco, p.238
  96. Sandalow M. (1996) 'AIDS quilt covers National Mall', the San Francisco Chronicle, October 11
  97. San Francisco Chronicle (1996) 'National AIDS strategy not quite complete', editorial, December 17
  98. Freedberg L. (1996) 'Clinton to adopt new AIDS strategy: plan to speed up search for a cure', the San Francisco Chronicle, December 17
  99. Altman L.K. (1996) 'UN reports 3 million new HIV cases worldwide for '96', the New York Times, November 28
  100. Brown D. (1997) 'US deaths from AIDS fall sharply better therapies get part of credit for drop' ,the Washington Post, February 28
  101. Altman L.K (1997) 'U.S. reporting sharp increase in AIDS deaths', the New York Times, February 28
  102. Brown D. (1996) 'AIDS toll falls by half in New York health officials say new funds, drugs, may drive trend', the Washington Post, January
  103. Washington post (1997) 'Estimated number of children born with AIDS transmitted by mothers', January 7
  104. WHO (1997) 'The implications of antiretroviral treatments', Informal Consultation edited by van Praag E., Fernyak S. and Katz A.M., April
  105. National AIDS Manual (1997) 'New US guidelines' by King E. in AIDS treatment update, Issue 55, July
  106. Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC) (1997) 'A long march unknown territory, to an uncertain end' by Gilden D. in Treatment issues, Volume 12 Number 1 Winter
  107. National AIDS Manual (1997) 'Doubt over US stance' by King E. in AIDS treatment update, Issue 56/57, August/September
  108. Keen L. (1997) 'Experts pushing for 'hit early, hit hard': many activists adopt 'wait and see' strategy', theWashington Blade, January 31
  109. Brown D. (1997) 'Triple therapy Doesn't Destroy HIV Scientists Find AIDS Virus Hiding in Cells After It has Left Bloodstream', the Washington Post, November 14
  110. MMWR Weekly (1997) 'Transmission of HIV possibly associated with exposure of mucous membrane to contaminated blood', 46:620-623
  111. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases (1997) 'AIDS newsletter' Vol.12 (9), September
  112. Broen D. (1997) 'Estimate of HIV infection rises to 30.6 million globally: more, accurate measure used for Africa, Asia', the Washington Post, November 26
  113. Pear R. (1997) 'New UN estimate doubles rate of spread of AIDS virus', the New York Times, November 26
  114. UNAIDS (1997) 'Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic', December 1997
  115. Farah D. (1997) 'Rampant AIDS overwhelms medical facilities in Honduras: volunteers step forward to comfort children facing death with little hope of medical assistance', the Washington Post, May 31
  116. New York Times (1997) 'U.S. agency says AIDS will orphan millions', November 20

Last updated January 18, 2005

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